Apparatus for high frequency electric signaling



w.- J. BROWN 1,930,505

APPARATUS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRIC SIGNALING Oct. 17, 1933.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 11, 1928 INVENTOR Way/fer J Bro wn ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1933. w; .1. BROWN 1,930,505

APPARATUS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTRIC SIGNALING Filed July 11, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 F/ly, 5

INVENTOR W'a/fer J Bro W/7 iATTORNEY with reference to Figs. land 2 of Patent 1,750,

Patented 17; 1933- 7 I Limited, a company of .Great Britain F p A pl cation"July'11,1928, Serial Nu.'= 291,976,lf 1

{and in Great Britain July 12,1921 3 C anmer; 259-33) frequencyelectric signaling.-

cfAccording to the invention an high frequency electricfsignaling' comprises a generator of high frequency'electrical oscillations 1 This invention relates to "apparatus for high enclosed within or embraced by an electricalscreen orfcage, which screenor cage constitutes a means of ra'diating theihigh frequencyener'gy to the surroundingspace,

' The "oscillation generator may "be of the type wherein twomultiple electrode 'vacuum'electric section, consisting of electrically conducting'madischarge devices, spaced apart; have their corresponding electrodes connected tog'ether'by sub stantially straight parallel conductors. and may conveniently take the. particular form'described 386, granted March 11, 1930. I The. invention, however, is" not limited 'tothe'fg'enerators de-' scribedinfithis patent; The screen or cage may comprise atube, not necessarilyof circular crossterialgenclosingjthe generator andffof length somewhat greatefthan that foi thefgenerator.

Thetube may be divided across aplane perpendicular' to its axisator, near. the centre there-- off. The two sections may be coupled to a high irequencyoscillatory circuit of' the generator,'ior

. example, by'conductive; connections to' "points .30 tween the two sectionsv forindicating' high,

thereon or by capacity thereto; 5. a A measuring instrumentmay beincludedibefrequency current flowing therein; In addition to its main functionbf serving asla radiator of high f requency energy.thescreen or age mayconveniently be constructedand arranged to provide mechanicalprotection for the generator. ItImay also .be. ofelliptioalfor streamline sectio'nxfor suchfas aircraft;- The inventio'nis use .in ezrposedfsituations ample inthe accompanying drawings in'lwhich Fig. l is a diagram iIIustratingone embodiment I .of the invention 1 and. Fig. 2Q-i'sfa diagram illustrating a similar embodiment. of the invention utilizing. adifferenjt. manner of electrically coupling the generatofof highifreq'u'ency electrical oscillations to the enclosing screen or cage. Fig.

' 3 is a vertical section," partly. diagrammatic,

' 3 with the top half of the electrical screen or through a preferred form. oi apparatus 'andFig. .4 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig.

cage removed. Fig. 5 is a part vertical section illustrating a modification of-thestructure shown in Figs. Sand 4 whereby the degree of electrical coupling between the generator of high freapparatus for y quency electrical oscillations-and the electrical screenor cage can be varied and FigI G' is a partly diagrammatic viewillu'strating the mannor .of mounting theapparatus;

Referring now .toFig. 1 the g'eneratorof high frequency electrical oscillations comprises two thermionic 'valve'slii and- 11 which are "spaced apart and of which the corresponding electrodes are 'connectedtogether by substantially recti linear conductors. The fconductor connecting the anodes ofth' valv es-lqandll together is, howvenielectrically lengthened byafbent portion 12'. Connections are made to the centres of .the conductorswhich'gconnect the electrodes of the valves 10 and ll' for the. supply of energy to and determining the mean potential of these electrodes "in known manner. Condensers may.

be also connected togthe ,centres of the conductors connecting the electrodes of' the valves 10 and'll in'known manner. T I

The systemformed by the valves 10: and 11 generates electrical oscillations at ayery high frequency which is largely determined by the j'd'i'stance between the valves ,lO and 11." The braced-by {an electrical'screenc or cage formed valves 'IOfand 11 are'f'enclosed within or em;-

by two hollow electrically;conducting cylinders 1 13 and 14 arranged coaxially and spaced apart from one another-. The conducting; cylinders which inayfinclude an ammeter 16 suitable for measuring alternating currents of very high frequency. a

It isiiound that when the genera-(eof high irequency electrical oscillations comprising the c c v F F valveslq and ll'is inoperation high frequency illustrated by way, of ex ,electrical currents are inducedin the electri 'oal screen for cage formed bythe conducting coupling between the generator of highfrequency electrical oscillations and the" electrical screen or cage appearsto depend, to a large eic tent,- upon the space betwee'nthe adjacent ends of. the' conducting cylinders 13 and 14.

- In a particular embodiment of the apparatus which hasbeen constructed the distance between reading on the ammeter 16 was obtained whent "the adjacentends of the conducting cylinders were spaced apart byia distance of about 1 cm.-

. In these circumstances the generator. oi high 3, frequency oscillations operated in a normal mode ratus. V

v and it, was i ou'ndf that there was; substantial 'radiation of high frequency energy from the appa ",Whenhowever, the distancebetween theconhigh frequency energy f romthe system. appeared 1 -to be small. On the other hand it was conducting cylinders 13 and 14 was decreased below-. 1 cm'. the intensity of current 'recorded bytha' ammeter 16 diminished. When the distance between the conductingfcylinders 13 and 14 was decreased'to about 0.15 ems. the intensity' of current'throughihe ammeter 16 suddenly 'decreased toipractically;zero"and the radiationof firmed that the generator of high irequency {oscillations was still generating oscillations "but 'ingadifierent mode ,Irom the normal mode re- 'ferred toabove 1 o 1 I -In another experiment four conductors, .such

as 15, were symmetrically spaced around the conducting cylinders13' and 14and the ammeter 16 .was included inj'oneoi them. It appeared 7 that the couplingbetween the generator. of high 7' frequency electrical oscillations aiidtheelectrical, screen or .cage was .substantially, different 1 when four conductorssuch; as' 15 were used. It

was now found that themaxirnum reading of the ammeter 16 occurred when the conducting cylinders} 13; and 14, werespaced about 10 'cms. apart. The oscillation-generator was in these I circumstaneesf.however igenerating oscillations in-thesecond mode above referred to. It ap:

peared however, thatthe intensity of radiation of high frequency electrical ener y was consider-' ably lessjwhen the oscillation generator was working in the'second inode h It would appear that wh n O ly one connecting wire; such as-15,;is employed a certain amount ofl'rnagnetic coupling exists between;the -ioscillae tion generator and the electrical screen or cage but that when four'syrnmetrically disposed 'wir'es fsuch: as 15 "arefused thie magnetic coupling: is

1 substantially eliminated the arrangementillustrated Y2,the

locped "portion? 12 .oixthe conductors which con-V meet the; anodes of the yalveslQ land llitogether,

isincluded in the} connectionbetween the con;

ducting cylinders 13 and 114' sothatthe electrical screen orcage formed by, the conducting .cylin ders l3 and 14 is co nductivcly toupled to the E anOdeeircuit 'of the' generator of highirequeney' been found to .worksatisiactorily.

electrical os'auaeens." This arrangementi h as iIn Figs gi andil4 apraeticalernbodmentoi the invention is illustrated employing, ,the kind of bsdn'aeq g nerator illustratedin Figs. 1 and 2 of'Patent 1,750,386.1The osci1lation .generator- 7 indicated generally b'yth'e reference 2(l'is held bet'weeriftwo rings 21. and 22 of insulating mate'- The two'rings 21 an'd'22'o'f insulating materialare slippedfovejr "the tweends of'the oscil- "lation generator and] are clamped together, by

bolts23 and' nuts 24.1 I-n'sulatingsoft packing 2 5, ".such'as rubber @tub'e, isinserted between the rings 21' and-22 and the glass envelope of the oscillation generator 20 to secure Jadequate support thereof without'danger of mechanical da'rnage conducting. tubes 13 and 14 are affixed v lto the rings 21' and 22 respectively by means of the beltsi23 and nuts 24. lnsulating packing 2 6 I is "inserted"betweerithe conducting cylinders 13 5' and}? nd theglass'envelopeof the-oscillation rings 21 and22. tween the conducting cylinders 13 and 14 is effected by the bolts 23 and the distance between .videdwith annular slots 30 and 31 respectively. i Slidable conducting'tubes '32 and 33are fitted'to engagethe slotsj30landj 31Iand,to..slide within to a jmast head or'to a yard."

Theropes 46, 47; 48 and 49 are also spaced the adjacent ends of the conducting cylinders 13 and'14 is fixed bythe thickness of the rings 21 and 22, which is'so determined that the requisite degree of" coupling between the electrical "screenor. cage and the oscillation generator 20 'is'secured;

,Alternatively the bolts 23 and nuts 24 may be arranged so asto afford no electrical connec .tion between the flanges of tubes 13, 14, for in- "stance by cutting away portions of said flanges aroundalternate bolt-holes. The adjacent ends of tubes 13,14 may then be connectedgtogether by a single lead which' may conveniently in- 'clude a highfrefque'ncy' ammeter; .as shown cFigvjlp 7 In Fig. 5 a modified const ruction is' illustrat'ed inlwhich thev cou'pling' between the oscillation generator 20;, and the"electric'al screen or cage can be varied. The rings 21 and' '22 arepro thef conductingcylinders 13 ai1d .14. Slots 34 and 35 are provided in the conducting cylinders- 131 and 1 4 and. racks 36'fl'and 37 secured tothe -slid'abIe tubes 32:'and 33 projectfthro'ugh these slots. Prinion's 38 and 39 are journalled bearings mounted upon the conducting'cylinders 13' and 14 respectively and engage the racks.

ends'of the slid'able 'tubes32 and 33 and engage the conducting cylinders 13and'14 respectively to makeigood electrical; contactjtherewith;

" By rotation of the pinions 38 and 39 the disand 33 may be readily varied and thus the coupling between the oscillation generator 20 and --the'electrical 'screenfori cage formed' by'the con-.

ducting cylindersj13 and 14 and the tubes 32 and 33 may beladjusted. j I

Fig.6 illustrates themanner' of supporting the -.apparatus'descri bed from.a mast, yard or other support. Four rods42,43, 44 and'45'are symmetrically attached to the ringsl2l and 22 and project radiallytherefromg Ropes 46, 4'7, 48 and "Leaf springs 40 and 41 are attached to the outer v tancefbetweenf adjacentlends of the tubesv32 49 are attached to eyes'in the outer endsrof 13c 13115110113 42; 43,.44' and 45 respectively, and

are joinedtogether to rings 50 and .51. .I-Ialyards maybe attached' to the rings 5.0and 51 whereby thewhole apparatus may be hoisted away'from the electrical screen or cage so that the electrical losses. in the ropes are small; moreover the only insulating support is attached to' the-"apparatus; and a potential node 'thereon consequently there will be .no material high frequency electrical loss due to the attach- V ment of the'suppo'rts. It willbeappreciated that the ab'ove descripparting-iromthe scope of the invention. I clain'i as my. inventiom-g- Y 'lqApparatu s comprising a generator of highfrequency electrical oscillationsenclosed with- 150 tion is-given by Way of example only'and that many modifications may be made without de-v in an electrically conducting cage ,or screen and electrically coupled thereto, said cage con s'istin'g of two. portions, and means for: adjusting the distance betweensaid portions.

2. Apparatus comprisingagenerator of high frequency electrical oscillations enclosed within two electrically-conducting tubes and electrically connected thereto, said-tubes being posi tioned. with their ends adjacent to eachother, 10

and means for adjusting'the distance between said ends;

3. Apparatus comprising a generator of high- 5 V :tubes. i v

. V frequency electrical oscillations enclosed within two electricallyrconducting tubes or cages and positioned within the other of said connecting WALTER JOHN BROWN. 

